
On Thursday, two U.S. senators intensified their efforts against data centers and their energy consumption. Senators Josh Hawley and Elizabeth Warren reached out to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) with a letter requesting that it gather information on energy use by data centers — and the impact of that usage on the grid.
In their correspondence, the senators urged the EIA “to implement a mandatory annual reporting requirement for data centers and similar large consumers,” as stated in the letter reviewed by TechCrunch. “With electricity demand increasing rapidly after years of relative stagnation, the absence of reliable, standardized data on substantial energy consumption presents considerable challenges for effective grid management and oversight.” Wired was the first to cover this letter.
This letter is not the first attempt by lawmakers to impose new regulatory frameworks on data centers. On Wednesday, Senator Bernie Sanders and Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez announced their plans to propose legislation that would pause new data center developments until Congress can reach a consensus on AI regulation.
The energy demand from data centers has surged recently. For instance, Google’s data centers have seen their energy consumption double from 2020 to 2024. This pattern is unlikely to shift in the near term. By 2035, the projected new data centers will almost triple the sector’s energy demands.
The EIA is a federal agency responsible for collecting and analyzing information associated with the energy system — similar to a Census bureau for electric grids. It was founded in 1977 under the Department of Energy following the oil crises of the early 1970s.
For many years, the EIA has compiled extensive data on energy consumption in the U.S., encompassing costs, generation sources, and energy-efficiency initiatives. It tracks energy use across various sectors, though it only emphasizes four broad categories: residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation.
Hawley and Warren are additionally requesting that the EIA collect more detailed data on data centers, including variations in energy usage between AI computing tasks and standard cloud services.
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The senators have outlined specific criteria regarding the desired data, such as hourly, yearly, and peak energy loads and the rates charged to companies. They are also interested in understanding any grid enhancements necessitated by the influx of new large loads, the funding for those upgrades, and whether data center clients are involved in demand response programs, where utilities compensate heavy users to reduce consumption for a certain timeframe.
The letter specifically mentions EIA administrator Tristan Abbey, who noted in December that the agency will be a “key participant” in gathering data on energy demand from data centers. Hawley and Warren have asked for a response to their letter by April 9.
It is possible that the process is already in motion, although the EIA has not publicly confirmed this. Amendments to the EIA surveys must pass through the Office of Management and Budget protocol, which includes a public comment period.
“We frequently receive requests for analysis. We get requests for a new product less often,” Abbey mentioned at the public event in December. “Launching a new survey from scratch takes approximately two years. However, there are existing authorities that could bypass the two-year process by conducting smaller-scope surveys that may yield clearer insights.”



















