Techin' Geek

For close to thirty years, Bill Gurley has been one of the key figures in Silicon Valley — a general partner at Benchmark whose initial investments in companies like Uber, Zillow, and Stitch Fix played a significant role in shaping contemporary venture capital. Now, after relocating to Austin and stepping back from direct investments, the Texan is applying that same skill for recognizing patterns in a new direction: a book, a foundation, and a policy institute focused on issues he believes he can influence.

The book is titled Runnin’ Down a Dream — a reference to Tom Petty and an assertion that pursuing your passion is not merely idealistic career advice but a genuine competitive approach, which is increasingly critical as AI swiftly transforms the job market. The foundation, named the Running Down a Dream Foundation, will distribute 100 grants of $5,000 each year to individuals who require financial support to take a leap they’re hesitant about.

We connected with Gurley to discuss it all — including his perspective on the surreal reality that many of his former tech peers now wield significant influence in Washington, why he considers the intense work culture embraced by numerous young founders, referred to as the 996 grind, less concerning than it seems, and what the implications of AI are for one’s career. The following has been condensed for brevity and clarity. Our complete conversation with Gurley is scheduled to air Tuesday on TC’s StrictlyVC Download podcast.

What inspired you to write this book?

I went through a period where I immersed myself in biographies — individuals from various backgrounds and eras — and I began to identify recurring themes similar to those I observed in market trends. I took notes on these patterns. A couple of years later, I was invited to speak at the University of Texas, revisited the notes, and created a presentation. They uploaded it to YouTube, which caught the attention of James Clear — author of Atomic Habits — who shared it. That sparked my contemplation about writing a book. During my transition away from venture capital and contemplating my next steps, it became clear that I didn’t wish to write about VC or Uber or any of that; instead, I wanted to pursue something with a broader purpose.

Your research at Wharton revealed that about 60% of individuals would approach their careers differently if they had the chance to start over. Were you surprised by this finding? Why?

When we initially conducted it as a SurveyMonkey poll, we received a response of seven out of ten. Upon conducting a more thorough study with Wharton, we found it was six out of ten. One thing that stands out is our phrase in the book — life is a use it or lose it proposition — and when you’re young, it’s challenging to comprehend that concept. It’s tough to fast-forward through your time and appreciate its value. Daniel Pink has done extensive work on what he terms regrets of inaction — what burdens people the most as they age is the missed opportunities, the chances not taken. This sentiment resonates across various cultures and regions. Moreover, many well-meaning parents prioritize creating economic security for their children over encouraging them to truly pursue their passions. With AI on the horizon, that may not have been the best approach.

Pursuing your passion seems like simpler advice for those with a financial safety net. What would you say to someone living paycheck to paycheck?

Several points. Initially, the book highlights individuals who began from the very bottom and achieved success — [celebrity hairstylist and entrepreneur] Jen Atkins moved to LA with merely $200. The book conveys that you don’t need to begin anywhere other than right at the start. Secondly, if you’re living paycheck to paycheck, I wouldn’t suggest quitting your job. Instead, I’d recommend utilizing your spare time to create a document on your phone detailing what your aspirations might be. Learn. Prepare to leap before you leap. And lastly — this is the foundation’s purpose. The concluding page of the book explains: we will grant 100 awards annually of $5,000 to individuals in that exact situation, who can prove in an application that they have thoughtfully considered their aspirations but need some assistance in achieving them.

You have been a vocal critic of regulatory capture — the concept that large corporations manipulate regulation to solidify their positions.

I delivered a speech on regulatory capture a few years ago — at the All-In Summit — and during that discussion, I expressed my concern that AI companies would attempt to leverage regulation for their protection. I believe that is occurring now. Conversely, there are valid concerns: Jonathan Haidt’s book Anxious Generation has been a bestseller for nearly two years, asserting that social media has negatively impacted children, supported by academic studies. Many argue we should have anticipated the challenges posed by social media and should do so with AI as well. The dilemma is that the entities advocating for AI regulation the most are the companies involved themselves, leading to my skepticism. There’s also a global aspect — if US AI becomes entangled in state-specific regulations while Chinese models operate freely, we’ll end up mired in bureaucracy. I often pose the question: what are your top five regulations in history, and how did they succeed? Do you truly believe individuals at the state level in random states can create effective AI regulations that genuinely work?

It’s quite surreal that several notable individuals from your sector now exert significant influence in Washington. What is your view on that?

It’s quite ironic. If you revisit my regulatory capture discussion, who could have predicted that just a few years later David Sacks would become [special advisor for AI and crypto in the White House]?

In 2018, Mike Moritz from Sequoia stated in the FT that Americans would fall behind China if they didn’t begin working harder. While it was contentious at the time, many young founders here appear to have since adopted a grueling work culture — the 996 ethos. What are your views on this trend?

I find it somewhat appealing, to be honest. I believe Silicon Valley became quite complacent during COVID — people weren’t returning to the office, and the culture softened in a way I had not witnessed in my years there. I’ve been to China six times, and I understand what Michael Moritz described regarding our potential downfall not being due to intelligence but a stronger work ethic. However, here’s the fact: if you examine successful individuals across various fields, we admire it when an athlete practices for 12 hours or when an artist dedicates themselves obsessively to their craft. Nobody criticizes Jordan for lacking work-life balance. Yet, we don’t apply the same reasoning to entrepreneurship. If those founders are passionate about their work and feel this is the critical moment to put in the effort, that’s precisely the essence of my book: discover what drives that feeling within you.

You discuss mentorship in your book. What constitutes an excellent mentor relationship, and how can individuals find one?

The foremost aspect is to eliminate the ideal often suggested in self-help circles: ‘go find a mentor,’ which leads everyone to cold-call someone who’s unrealistic and unattainable, resulting in failure. For those who seem unreachable, I refer to them as aspirational mentors — create a profile of them, similar to my concept of the dream job folder. Collect materials of all their writings, podcasts, interviews, and study their work. You can gain significant insights from figures without direct communication, especially in today’s world. For your genuine mentors, aim two levels down from your initial target. Identify someone — tools like LinkedIn facilitate this — and be the first to contact them and request mentorship, as they will appreciate it. They’ll feel honored that you recognized them. Imagine receiving your first request to be a mentor; it’s a gratifying experience. You’ll have much greater success with this approach than trying to reach too high.

I have a humorous anecdote: I began receiving numerous requests from individuals wanting to enter venture, which prompted me to create a three-page PDF titled “So You Want to Be a VC.” Hidden on the third page was essentially — go do X, go do Y, go do Z, then come back and tell me how it went. The number of individuals who actually engaged with me after receiving that document was a fraction of those it was sent to. It’s amusing how the pool thinned when they were given a bit of homework.

You began working on this book before the full effects of AI were evident. Does that influence how individuals should approach their careers?

If you’re adhering to the conventional route — going through your university’s career center, signing up on a list, waiting for a recruiter to sift through thirty individuals in twenty-minute intervals — you risk appearing like a mere cog. You seem mass-manufactured. For that demographic, AI seems daunting, and rightly so. However, if you are carving your unique path, utilizing the strategies outlined in the book, becoming what I call a candidate of one — someone with an intentionally unique trajectory — then each tool presented in this book is enhanced by AI. The ease of learning has never been greater than it is today, throughout all of human history. If you’re embracing it, if you’re becoming the most AI-savvy individual in your domain, this phenomenon is nothing short of a superpower.

Quantum computing won’t be overtaking supercomputers by 2026, nor achieving an industrial scale. Nonetheless, interest from investors in firms seeking the challenging quantum advantage has only grown.

Quantonation Ventures, a venture capital firm focusing on quantum and physics-oriented startups, has finalized its oversubscribed second fund at €220 million, or roughly $260 million. This amount exceeds twice the size of its first fund and adds to other indications that the anticipated quantum winter isn’t on the horizon.

While some have cautioned that excessive quantum hype without sufficient concrete results could eventually lead to a funding collapse, the contrary has occurred. For instance, the projection that quantum will someday break current encryption technology lacks a clear timeline, and yet governments have joined major tech companies in the competition.

Since the inception of Quantonation in 2018, the quantum technology field has matured, witnessing both technological advancements and initial demand from academic and industrial laboratories. Consequently, there has been “a shift in the nature of investment opportunities available” to its second fund, according to Quantonation partner Will Zeng in an interview with TechCrunch. 

One illustration is what Zeng refers to as the “picks and shovels” opportunity, involving companies creating technologies that benefit the quantum sector. He mentioned Dutch startup Qblox, a long-bootstrapped enterprise that was providing quantum control hardware and software to Quantonation’s portfolio companies before the VC firm co-led its Series A funding.

This expanding ecosystem clarifies why investors are increasing their commitments to Quantonation and why other specialized quantum funds such as QDNL and 55 North have surfaced.

“Venture capitalists understand this is a challenging area for early-stage investment. The technology is highly specialized and intricate, the markets tend to be novel, and the teams differ significantly,” Zeng remarked.

The firm’s strategy is to invest early to seize greater value; however, a number of quantum companies have already gone public, experiencing significant share price increases in recent months. Bloomberg reports that this “quantum frenzy” is partly fueled by Nvidia, whose CEO Jensen Huang stated in June 2025 that “quantum computing is reaching a pivotal moment.”

Even though quantum chips have yet to surpass classical computers outside specific benchmarks, there is growing consensus that practical applications are just a few years away, ranging from life sciences to novel materials. This progress is partly credited to advancements in error correction — the capability to rectify mistakes inherent to quantum systems.

Google’s Willow chip marked a significant milestone for error correction in 2024, but no architecture has emerged victorious yet, and smaller entities remain in the competition. Zeng observed that an unexpectedly high number of companies have joined DARPA’s Quantum Benchmarking Initiative. He also opines that beyond the excitement in public markets, “there are even more promising technologies currently in private hands.”

For Quantonation, these private ventures encompass a broader canvas than just quantum chips. The second fund has already made investments in 12 startups, aiming for a portfolio of around 25, which includes not only the software and industrial components necessary for achieving quantum advantage but also related physics-based technologies like photonics and lasers.

This widened thesis is supported by both returning and new investors. The firm notes that leading investors from its initial fund, such as Singapore’s Vertex Holdings and Bpifrance’s Fonds National d’Amorçage 2, have come back for the second fund, along with new limited partners like the European Investment Fund, Grupo ACS, Novo Holdings, Planet First Partners, and Toshiba.

Quantonation’s geographical reach is also globally oriented. With headquarters in Paris and New York City, the firm has supported French quantum companies like Pasqal and Quandela while also investing in Asia and North America — and plans to keep doing so.

“In many of the sectors we invest in, there isn’t yet a distinct regional leader, […] and much of the research has originated from universities across diverse locations,” Zeng commented.

In a social media statement on Saturday, President Donald Trump declared that Netflix will “face repercussions” if it fails to terminate Susan Rice, who has been a member of the company’s board since 2018.

Trump’s remarks followed Rice — a former UN ambassador who held various diplomatic and advisory positions during the Obama and Biden administrations — making an appearance on the “Stay Tuned with Preet” podcast, hosted by Preet Bharara, where she forecasted that businesses that “kneel” to Trump will be “accountable” once Democrats regain control.

“If these businesses believe that the Democrats, upon returning to power, will, you know, adhere to the previous standards, and […] say, ‘Oh, just forget it. We’ll overlook all the employees you let go, all the policies and principles you’ve breached, all, you know, the laws you’ve evaded,’ I think they’re in for a surprise,” Rice stated.

In retaliation, Trump shared on his social network Truth Social, “Netflix must dismiss the racist, Trump-obsessed Susan Rice, IMMEDIATELY, or face repercussions. She lacks talent and skills – Simply a political operative! HER INFLUENCE IS GONE, AND WILL NEVER RETURN. How much is she being compensated, and for what???”

Trump’s message also attached a screenshot of a post from right-wing activist Laura Loomer, who criticized Rice’s statements and asserted that “The Netflix-Warner Bros. merger would create a streaming dominance, in which the Obamas will hold a considerable interest” due to the agreement between Netflix and the Obamas’ production firm Higher Ground.

While Trump’s message does not specify exact repercussions, Netflix’s significant acquisition of Warner Bros. will require clearance from federal regulators. The streaming service’s co-CEO Ted Sarandos reportedly met with Trump before the announcement of the deal, with Trump later stating that Netflix is a “great company […] but it’s a large share of the market, so we’ll see what unfolds.”

Last autumn, Trump made a comparable post insisting that Microsoft dismiss its president of global affairs Lisa Monaco, who was also targeted by Loomer. Monaco remains employed at Microsoft.

Welcome back to TechCrunch Mobility — your go-to source for updates and analysis on the future of transport. To receive this in your inbox, sign up here for free — just click TechCrunch Mobility!

Earlier this month, Waymo Chief Safety Officer Mauricio Peña provided testimony before the Senate Commerce Committee during a hearing regarding self-driving vehicles.

Much of the inquiry fell under the typical “let’s inform the public” category. However, it was Sen. Ed Markey’s inquiries regarding foreign workers, along with Peña’s replies, that drew significant attention.

When questioned about human workers who assist with the navigation or emergencies of Waymo vehicles, Peña disclosed that the company has remote guidance staff working from the Philippines. This prompted a quick backlash from Markey, who criticized Peña regarding the reliance on individuals lacking U.S. driver’s licenses to aid its vehicles on American roads, among other concerns.

Waymo responded through a blog post from Ryan McNamara, the head of global operations, published on Tuesday. The company also shared a letter sent to Markey’s office.

The post and letter offer new insights about its remote assistance operations. For example, Waymo emphasizes that it does not employ individuals to “remotely drive” the robotaxis; instead, the self-driving systems manage the operation.

Remote assistance (RA) workers are present to address specific information requests made by the Waymo self-driving system. The company also maintains Event Response Teams (ERTs), individuals certified for complex tasks who are exclusively located in the United States. According to Waymo, this team reacts to accidents, engages with law enforcement and passengers, gathers data for regulatory reporting, and coordinates towing.

Additionally, we now understand that Waymo has approximately “70 Remote Assistance agents available globally at any time.” These agents are situated in Arizona, Michigan, and two locations in the Philippines, a detail that has once again frustrated some lawmakers.

To grasp what this entails, note that Waymo operates a fleet of 3,000 vehicles, and its vehicles cover over 4 million miles weekly, providing more than 400,000 rides. Therefore, a small number of workers monitor many robotaxis.

I have maintained for years that AV companies ought to improve their transparency regarding behind-the-scenes operations, especially concerning remote guidance. Most companies, many of which no longer operate, have shunned this topic, possibly in an attempt to project a more magical and advanced image of their technology. Ultimately, obscurity breeds mistrust.

As the conversation surrounding remote guidance operators unfolds, Waymo continues to expand into new markets, with one exception.

New York Governor Kathy Hochul has retracted a proposal that intended to revise vehicle and traffic laws to effectively legalize robotaxis across the state, excluding New York City. Hochul’s spokesperson, Sean Butler, informed me: “Following discussions with stakeholders, including legislative members, it became evident that the backing was insufficient to move this proposal forward.”

One last note before we delve into the rest of the updates. Mobility readers seem skeptical that the Rivian R2 will be available for $50,000 or less. Last week, I surveyed you all asking: “What do you think the starting price of the Rivian R2 launch edition will be?” I provided three options: under $50,000, over $60,000, and over $70,000. More than 54% selected “over $60,000,” with the remaining responses split amongst the other options.

To engage in our polls, sign up for the Mobility newsletter here.

A little bird

Senior Reporter Sean O’Kane received intel from some inside sources regarding layoffs at Lucid. Here’s what we’ve discovered. Lucid is letting go of 12% of its workforce, according to an internal memo that TechCrunch has accessed. We do not have an exact figure on those affected, but it likely entails hundreds.

Lucid has not yet reported its 2025 annual earnings, which would reveal the total number of employees at the year’s end. The company indicated it had 6,800 full-time employees globally at the end of 2024.

Following our report, O’Kane learned more details. Affected staff were notified early Friday morning, with some realizing something was wrong when they lost access to Microsoft Teams. They have technically been placed on a 60-day “administrative leave” and won’t be officially laid off until late April.

Have a tip for us? Email Kirsten Korosec at [email protected] or my Signal at kkorosec.07, or email Sean O’Kane at [email protected].

Deals!

Amari AI, a startup that utilizes AI technology to assist customs brokers in navigating and modernizing President Trump’s trade policies, secured $4.5 million in funding co-led by well-known early-stage investors First Round Capital and Pear VC. The startup claims to have already attracted over 30 clients and facilitated the movement of more than $15 billion in goods for those firms.

Kavak, the online used car marketplace based in Mexico, closed a $300 million equity round led by Andreessen Horowitz, contributing $200 million. Other participants included WCM Investment Management, which co-led the funding, along with Foxhaven Asset Management.

LanzaJet, a producer of next-generation fuels and related technology, raised $47 million in the first close of a planned $135 million equity round. The company stated its pre-money valuation stands at $650 million. The round was co-led by IAG and Shell, with participation from Groupe ADP, LanzaTech, and Mitsui.

Metafuels, a Swiss startup focused on sustainable aviation fuel, secured $24 million in a Series A funding round led by UVC Partners. Additional investors included Energy Impact Partners, Contrarian Ventures, RockCreek, Verve Ventures, and Fortescue.

Notable reads and other tidbits

Ford is striving to shift shareholders’ attention away from the $19.5 billion loss it incurred late last year, aiming instead to present itself as an agile, technology-driven company crafting future profitable products that will herald a new era. The company, which has pledged to deliver an electric truck starting at $30,000 that can compete with Chinese manufacturers without sacrificing profit margins, outlined its strategy to achieve that vision. Will a mix of 3D-printed Lego-like components, Formula 1 strategies, and a rewards program suffice?

The enthusiasm surrounding AI data centers is evident. Consider Redwood Materials as an example. This battery recycling and materials startup launched an energy storage division last year, focusing explicitly on AI data centers. Redwood Energy has become the fastest-growing segment within the company. Read my complete article to comprehend the implications.

Rivian is unveiling a companion app that enables owners to carry out essential functions such as locking and unlocking doors, venting windows, and activating the vehicle alarm using their Apple Watch. The company also introduced a broader software update, incorporating numerous other new vehicle functionalities.

Tesla has lost its attempt to overturn a jury’s $243 million ruling in a fatal Autopilot crash trial. As a reminder: Tesla could have settled this situation for $60 million. Nevertheless, the company did secure a victory with the California Department of Motor Vehicles, which announced it will not suspend Tesla’s sales and manufacturing licenses for 30 days since the EV manufacturer has ceased using the term “Autopilot” in its vehicle marketing in the state.

One more thing …

I periodically test vehicles to stay updated with the latest in-car technology, electric vehicles, and hybrid models — or their software updates. Coincidentally, I had a Lucid Air Touring sedan this week.

It’s been over a year since I last drove an Air, and I was eager to experience the company’s hands-free driver-assistance system that debuted last July. My previous encounters with the company’s advanced driver-assistance system, known as Dream Drive, left me unimpressed. The vehicle would frequently veer between lanes (indicating difficulty in centering itself) or stay too close to the shoulder, leaving me feeling uncomfortably near the large trucks I overtook on the highway.

I am pleased to report that Lucid seems to have addressed these concerns. Engaging the hands-free system was simple and did not allow for excessive misuse. As shown in the picture above, if I placed a phone in front of my face, a warning was nearly instantly triggered.

In a bid to attract increased AI investment to the nation, India is organizing a four-day AI Impact Summit this week, featuring participation from executives of leading AI laboratories and major technology firms, such as OpenAI, Anthropic, Nvidia, Microsoft, Google, and Cloudflare, in addition to state leaders.

The gathering, which anticipates 250,000 attendees, will include Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei, Reliance Chairman Mukesh Ambani, and Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis among its guests.

Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, is set to address the audience alongside French President Emmanuel Macron on Thursday.

Here are the main highlights from the summit:

• India has allocated $1.1 billion for its state-supported venture capital fund, which aims to invest in AI and advanced manufacturing startups throughout the nation.
• Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, mentioned that India has over 100 million weekly active users of ChatGPT, making it second only to the U.S. He added that a significant number of students utilizing ChatGPT are from India.
• Blackstone has acquired a controlling stake in the Indian AI startup Neysa as part of a $600 million equity funding round, with investment from Teachers’ Venture Growth, TVS Capital, 360 ONE Asset, and Nexus Venture Partners. The company plans another $600 million debt raise and the deployment of over 20,000 GPUs.
• C2i, based in Bengaluru and focused on power solutions for data centers, secured $15 million in a Series A funding round from Peak XV, with participation from Yali Deeptech and TDK Ventures.
• HCL CEO Vineet Nayyar commented that Indian IT companies will prioritize generating profits over creating jobs, amid a downturn in Indian IT stocks due to growing concerns over AI’s impact on the IT services industry.
• Vinod Khosla, founder of Khosla Ventures, stated that sectors such as IT services and BPOs (Business Process Outsourcing) could “almost completely vanish” in the next five years due to AI. He conveyed to Hindustan Times that 250 million young Indians should be engaged in selling AI-driven products and services globally.
• AMD is collaborating with Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) to create rack-scale AI infrastructure utilizing AMD’s “Helios” platform.
• Anthropic announced the opening of its inaugural office in Bengaluru, India, stating that the country is the second-largest user of Claude after the United States.
• Anthropic is partnering with Infosys to implement Claude models and tools like Claude code within Indian businesses, initially focusing on the telecommunications industry with a dedicated Anthropic Center of Excellence.
• Sarvam, an AI company from India, has teased its forthcoming smart glasses named Sarvam Kaze. In recent weeks, the company has introduced various models, including those for dubbing, speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and Optical Character Recognition (OCR).

Drop 12/14: Models, products, impact – today something different, very different. Launching Sarvam Kaze, our foray into getting our models into your hands with our devices – designed and built here in India! pic.twitter.com/8RnqO16Idg

— Pratyush Kumar (@pratykumar) February 17, 2026

• Adani, an Indian conglomerate, announced that it is earmarking $100 billion to build AI data centers powered by renewable energy in India by 2035. The company noted that this investment is expected to generate an additional $150 billion in areas such as server manufacturing, advanced electrical infrastructure, sovereign cloud platforms, and supporting industries.
• Voice AI firm Cartesia is collaborating with India-based orchestrator Blue Machines to implement voice solutions for enterprises with local data residency.
• Cohere Labs has unveiled a collection of multilingual models with open weights supporting over 70 languages that can operate on local devices. The company has also introduced regionally tuned models.
• OpenAI has announced plans to establish two new offices in India, located in Bengaluru and Mumbai.
• OpenAI has also partnered with the Tata group to deploy 100 megawatts of compute resources in India, with plans to scale up to 1 gigawatt.
• India’s technology minister Ashwini Vaishnaw expressed that the country aims to attract over $200 billion in investments for AI infrastructure in the next two years.
• Emergent, an Indian vibe-coding startup, reported that it has achieved $100 in annual recurring revenue and launched a mobile application.
• The Indian AI firm Sarvam has released two new open-source models: Sarvam 30B and Sarvam 105B.
• Sarvam has also announced a collaboration with Qualcomm, HMD, and Bosch to implement its AI models on devices including smartphones, feature phones, vehicles, laptops, and smart glasses.
• Voice AI startup Gnani has launched a zero-shot voice cloning text-to-speech model named Vachana, which supports 12 languages.
• BharatGen, a government-supported AI consortium, introduced a 17 billion parameter model named Param 2 that is functional across 22 languages.
• Streaming service JioHotstar announced plans to incorporate ChatGPT for content discovery using conversational search.
• Sarvam has introduced its ChatGPT rival, Indus, which supports several Indian languages.
• OpenAI disclosed that users aged 18-24 in India account for nearly 50% of the usage of ChatGPT in the country.
• Tech Mahindra, an Indian technology company, launched an 8 billion parameter model oriented towards Hindi for educational applications.
• G42 from the UAE has collaborated with U.S.-based chip manufacturer Cerebras to deploy 8 exaflops of compute power in India via a supercomputer. The project also involves Abu Dhabi’s Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI) and India’s Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC).
• During the AI summit in India, Sam Altman remarked that worries regarding the water usage of AI are “totally fake,” but he recognized the relevance of water consumption in terms of “previously used evaporative cooling methods in data centers.”
• Interestingly, he added that humans consume a significant amount of energy as they grow and interact with their environment, asserting that criticisms of ChatGPT’s energy consumption are “unfair.”

“However, training a human also demands a considerable amount of energy,” Altman noted. “It requires around 20 years of life and all the food consumed during that period before achieving intelligence.”

• India reported that more than 88 countries and organizations have endorsed the New Delhi AI declaration, committing to harnessing AI for social and economic benefits. This includes the U.S., China, and Russia.
• India has joined the Pax Silica coalition led by the U.S., aiming to establish a streamlined supply chain network for materials essential in developing AI infrastructure. Other participants include the U.K, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Qatar, Japan, Israel, South Korea, and Australia.

Although Elon Musk’s Neuralink claims to be “leading” in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), the BCI sector in China is already subtly shifting from research to scaling production.

A fresh wave of startups is competing to commercialize both implantable and non-invasive BCIs, supported by greater policy backing, increasing clinical trials, and rising investor enthusiasm. This is according to Phoenix Peng, who has established two BCI companies. He is a co-founder of NeuroXess, which develops BCI implants, as well as the founder and CEO of the non-invasive ultrasound BCI startup Gestala.

His conviction in this market’s potential is based on tangible actions: Regions like Sichuan, Hubei, and Zhejiang have begun setting medical service prices for BCIs, accelerating their integration into the national medical insurance framework.

He envisions that over time, the technology will expand beyond merely “treating illnesses” to enabling “human enhancement,” he stated.

“I have consistently argued that neuroscience and AI are two complementary fields,” Peng remarked. “They are bound for profound integration, achieving direct high-bandwidth connections between human brains and AI. BCI will act as the ultimate link between carbon-based and silicon-based intelligence. While this may seem far off, it signifies an incredibly vast market in the future.”

Four Factors Propelling BCI in China

However, in the next three to five years, BCI application is expected to remain primarily within healthcare, with the market projected to reach a multibillion-dollar magnitude as insurance coverage widens, Peng informed TechCrunch. 

In August 2025, China’s ministry responsible for industry and six other entities presented a national roadmap aimed at accelerating BCI development. The plan states ambitious technical objectives by 2027, the establishment of universal industry standards, and a complete supply chain by 2030, with the aim of nurturing globally competitive BCI firms and aiding smaller specialized enterprises.

When asked what is fueling China’s swift advancement in BCI, Peng mentioned four key factors to TechCrunch. The foremost is robust policy support, featuring interdepartmental collaboration that synchronizes technical standards and medical reimbursement. In December, during the 2025 Shenzhen BCI & Human-Computer Interaction Expo, China unveiled an 11.6 billion yuan ($165 million) brain science fund designed to assist BCI firms from the research phase to commercialization.

The second factor is extensive clinical resources, which include large patient populations and reduced research expenses that expedite trials. China’s national health insurance facilitates faster commercialization once a device receives state approval. This contrasts with the U.S., where even after FDA approval, private insurers—being the primary funders—must each approve separately.

Researchers have accomplished the nation’s first fully implanted, wireless BCI trial — the second globally — enabling a paralyzed individual to control devices without external hardware, according to CGTN. Neuralink conducted the initial such trial.

“In traditional electrical BCIs, Chinese companies have made clinical strides in motor and language decoding, spinal cord reconstruction, and stroke rehabilitation, with over 50 flexible implantable BCI clinical trials finalized by mid-2025,” Peng noted, adding that next-generation projects are pivoting toward complete brain neural decoding and encoding, including ultrasound-based methodologies like Gestala’s.

The third element is China’s well-established industrial manufacturing, according to Peng, encompassing semiconductors, AI, and medical hardware, which accelerates R&D and prototyping. Lastly, there is strategic investment in the sector, with both state-sponsored funds and private capital increasingly flowing under national programs.

Recent significant deals include Shanghai-based BCI startup StairMed Technology securing $48 million (350 million yuan) in Series B funding in February 2025. BrainCo, a neurotechnology company developing its non-invasive BCIs and bionic limbs, has also discreetly filed for a Hong Kong IPO, as reported, after raising $287 million (2 billion yuan) earlier this year. Peng’s company, Gestala, which commenced operations in January, is currently in discussions with investors to close an angel financing round imminently, he informs us. 

Overall, China’s BCI startups are gearing up to take on U.S. competitors like Neuralink, Synchron, and Paradromics. Among the most active entities in China are NeuroXess, Neuracle, NeuralMatrix, BrainCo, Bo Rui Kang Tech, Aoyi Tech, Brainland Tech, and Zhiran Medical. They cover various methodologies from implantable flexible interfaces to non-invasive brain-computer technologies.

Consequently, China’s BCI market is projected to grow to over $530 million (3.8 billion yuan) in 2025, a rise from 3.2 billion yuan in 2024, as per media reports, with estimates anticipating the market will exceed 120 billion yuan by 2040.

Types of BCIs

BCIs are branching into two avenues. The first involves invasive electrophysiological BCIs like NeuroXess and Neuralink that embed electrodes into people’s brains to capture precise neuron-level signals. However, this type involves surgical risks. The other type consists of non-invasive systems like NeuroSky and BrainCo that compromise some accuracy for enhanced safety and usability. (These devices — usually headsets or headbands utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) — measure electrical activity via the skull.)

The field is now expanding further, with innovative methods — including ultrasound, magnetoencephalography, transcranial magnetic stimulation, optical techniques, and hybrid BCIs — providing researchers with new instruments to read and impact brain functions. 

Startup founders are also hopeful that non-invasive technology can help eliminate adoption obstacles. Not everyone is amenable to undergoing brain surgery for device implantation.

Ultrasound BCIs from enterprises like OpenAI-backed Merge Labs and Gestala are focusing on common conditions such as chronic pain, stroke, and depression. As non-invasive solutions, these technologies are more readily embraced by patients and provide significantly enhanced commercial scalability.

Gestala, for example, anticipates launching its first-generation product by Q3, according to Peng. Early clinical trials have indicated encouraging outcomes, with a single session alleviating pain scores by 50%, with effects persisting for one to two weeks.

HSC, previously Sequoia China, has also invested in Zhiran Medical, a startup established in 2022 aimed at enhancing long-term implant effectiveness. The company employs flexible, high-throughput electrodes to mitigate inflammation and signal degradation linked to rigid implants.

“Certain technologies may seem advanced yet remain far from practical application,” Yang Yunxia, a partner at HSC, stated in a blog entry. While others might appear commercially feasible, they encounter “high costs” or notable technical challenges, Yunxia argued. Ultimately, investment choices hinge on whether the investor believes a product can evolve into a sustainable enterprise, the partner emphasized.

Looking Ahead 

In the coming five years, industry experts predict that China’s BCI regulations will increasingly align with international norms, prioritizing regulatory approval and data sovereignty. Global frameworks put forward by organizations such as the IEC and ISO, along with guidance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), are anticipated to act as significant reference points. 

Chinese regulators are also expected to enhance oversight of invasive devices, as well as the data produced by all BCI devices, while simplifying approval processes for non-invasive technologies.

Regarding the ethical issues surrounding devices that manipulate or implant within the brain, China intends to bolster informed-consent protocols, broaden ethical evaluations beyond the medical domain, and progress toward unified technical standards for clinical assessments.

Pricing for the Super Early Bird for TechCrunch Disrupt 2026 will conclude on February 27 at 11:59 p.m. PT. This gives you only 6 days remaining to obtain the best ticket rates of the year.

If Disrupt is on your radar, now is the time to act. Save as much as $680 on your individual pass or enjoy discounts of up to 30% on community passes before the prices rise. Register here.

From October 13-15 at Moscone West in San Francisco, TechCrunch will gather 10,000 founders, investors, operators, and innovators for three intensive days designed to launch, scale, and forge the future of tech.

What’s at Disrupt?

Disrupt is the event where you can expect:

• Direct interaction with founders, VCs, and operators who are actively innovating.

• Engaging discussions that can lead to funding, partnerships, and essential hires.

• Practical insights that you can implement right away.

• Advance insight into future technology trends.

You will encounter over 300 exhibiting startups showcasing tomorrow’s innovations, witness the competitive Startup Battlefield 200 pitch contest — where one exceptional company will receive a $100,000 equity-free award — and engage in specifically tailored networking opportunities that deliver tangible results.

Additionally, you will gain insights from some of the most prominent figures in tech, including WordPress co-founder Matt Mullenweg, General Motors CEO Mary Barra, and renowned VC Vinod Khosla. Stay tuned to the event page for the upcoming agenda announcement.

Enhance your experience as a founder or investor

• Founder Pass: Designed to assist you in scaling quicker with the appropriate insights and connections.

• Investor Pass: Created to help you uncover emerging startups and broaden your portfolio.

Secure your pass before rates go up

You have six days left to lock in the best rate of the year. Ensure you do it before February 27 at 11:59 p.m. PT. Register here.

Prior to embarking on a trip to Tahoe last weekend, GM provided me with the opportunity to utilize the company’s 9,000-pound symbol of extravagance – the brand-new 2026 electric Escalade IQL (priced from $130,405) – for a weeklong test drive. Before you proceed, keep in mind that I’m not a professional automotive reviewer. TechCrunch has outstanding automotive writers; I am not among them. That said, I do drive an electric vehicle.

I was instantly on board. I first spotted one last summer at a car exhibition, where various regional car dealerships had positioned themselves at the end of a lengthy field filled with stunning vintage cars. My first thought was “Wow, that’s massive,” followed by an unexpected appreciation for its design, which, despite its grand size, exhibits elegance. For lack of a better term, I’ll describe it as “striking.” Its proportions simply work.

My enthusiasm diminished rather quickly when the vehicle was delivered to my home a day before we were set to leave. This vehicle is a behemoth — measuring 228.5 inches in length and 94.1 inches in width, it made my own cars seem toy-like. My first apartment in San Francisco was smaller in size. Maneuvering it up my driveway was somewhat daunting as well; it’s so large, and its hood is so elevated, that if you’re climbing a sloped road – we live midway down a hill, with our mailbox positioned at the top – your view of what is directly in front of the car is obscured.

I briefly considered leaving it parked in the driveway for the duration of the trip. The other option was to acclimate myself to the idea of driving it 200 miles to Tahoe City, so I took it for a spin that evening and the following day, running errands, going to dinner, attending a fitness class — just the usual activities around town. When I encountered a friend on the street, I quickly clarified that this was not my new vehicle, that I might potentially evaluate it, and wasn’t its size absurd? It felt like a tank. I pondered: aside from hotels utilizing SUVs like the Escalade to shuttle guests, what kind of person opts for a car like this?

Five days later, I realized that I am indeed that kind of person.

Honestly, I’m not sure how or when I developed an affection for this vehicle. Had I crafted this review after just two days, it would present a very different perspective. Even now, I’m aware enough to acknowledge its flaws.

It was the Escalade’s performance during a severe snowstorm that truly captured my heart, but let me outline the transition from “Ugh, this vehicle is a tank” to “Yes! This vehicle is a tank.”

Getting into it requires a bit more effort than one might expect. I’m pretty athletic, and I still found myself questioning whether this vehicle should come equipped with a built-in step stool.

Inside is where digital maximalism truly shines. The dashboard features a 55-inch curved LED screen with 8K resolution that resembles less of a car display and more of a control center. Front passengers each receive their individual screens. Second-row passengers enjoy 12.6-inch personal screens, as well as foldable tray tables, dual wireless chargers, and — in the most luxurious variant of the vehicle — massage seats that will make them forget they’re even in a car. Google Maps manages navigation. Moreover, the polarized screen technology deserves its due acknowledgment: while one of my children binge-watched Hulu in the front seat, not a single frame intruded into my line of sight from behind the wheel.

The interior is designed with the idea that no one inside should feel cramped, and it accomplishes that goal. Front legroom extends to 45.2 inches; the second row offers 41.3; even the third row achieves an impressive 32.3 inches. Seven adults could comfortably share this vehicle for an extended period without getting on each other’s nerves. Heated and ventilated leather seats with 14-way power adjustment are standard in the first two rows, and the entire setup operates on 5G Wi-Fi.

The vehicle also comes equipped with Super Cruise, GM’s hands-free driving feature, which I’m uncertain I fully grasped. Professional automotive reviewers seem to rave about it; however, during my trial, the car felt like it was swerving alarmingly between the outer limits of the highway lanes, resulting in a series of escalating alerts. Initially, a red steering wheel icon appears on-screen. Following that, your seat vibrates with haptic warnings against your backside. Ignore those, and a chime — both reminder and reproach — fills the inside. GM refers to this impolite series as a “driver takeover request.”

Did I mention the 38-speaker AKG Studio sound system? It’s excellent.

Regarding the exterior — this is a striking giant, but it takes time to get accustomed to. At first glance, I found the grille, which is merely decorative, almost humorously imposing. This is undoubtedly a vehicle meant for individuals who are either in charge, aspire to be in charge, or wish to project an image of authority while privately grappling with existential dilemmas. Pulling up to a glass-fronted restaurant one evening, I’m fairly certain I blinded half the diners as I maneuvered into a parking space perpendicular to the building, the Escalade’s headlights casting light through the windows.

Then there’s the light display the vehicle initiates whenever it senses you approaching with the key or the MyCadillac app. It’s as if it’s saying, “Hey, boss, where to?” before you’ve even touched a door handle. (In Cadillac’s terminology, this is made possible by its “advanced, all-LED exterior lighting system,” emphasizing a “crystal shield” illuminated grille and crest, along with vertical LED headlamps and “choreography-capable tail lamps.”)

It is, without a doubt, a bit over the top. I fell in love immediately.

Despite its considerable dimensions, the Escalade IQL is surprisingly agile. Not “sports car zipping through traffic” agile, but “I can’t quite believe that something this massive doesn’t feel like a battleship” agile.

Now we arrive at the annoyances. The front trunk — or “frunk” as EV enthusiasts call it — operates in perplexing and frustrating ways. To open it, you must press the button until it is fully raised. If you let go too soon, it stops midway, forcing you to restart the entire process. Closing it requires the same continuous pressure. Conversely, the rear trunk needs just two quick taps followed by immediate release of the button. If you press too long, nothing will happen.

Additionally, there were two occasions where the vehicle refused to shut off after I had finished driving. The car simply remained on, even after shifting to park and opening the door (which typically signals the car to power down). One cumbersome solution: open the frunk, close the frunk, shift into drive, then park, and finally exit.

As for the software, it’s perfectly adequate unless you’ve experienced a Tesla; in that case, prepare for a letdown. This seems to be consistent — everyone I know who owns both a Tesla and a different EV, regardless of its high-end status, expresses the same sentiment. Once you’ve gotten used to how seamlessly Tesla’s software bridges the gap between intention and execution, every other manufacturer’s software feels like a compromise.

This brings us to the low point of the journey: charging in Tahoe during the winter. Despite its many advantages, the Escalade IQL is, by any measure, an energy-hungry machine. The battery is a 205 kWh pack — massive, and necessary, because the vehicle consumes roughly 45 kWh for every 100 miles, which is significantly higher than comparable electric SUVs. Cadillac projects a range of 460 miles on a full charge, and in optimal conditions, that holds true. However, Tahoe in winter is far from optimal. We also arrived with less charge than anticipated. A series of side trips on the way up, including an emergency stop to find shirts for a family member who forgot to pack any, depleted the battery more than expected. By the time we needed to recharge, we genuinely required a charge.

We approached a Tesla Supercharger in Tahoe City that was listed on the MyCadillac app, but when we connected to the designated port, nothing happened. We dug for answers, realizing that even Tesla stations accepting non-Tesla vehicles throttle energy to just 6 kilowatts per hour, which was frustrating. A nearby EVGo station had shut down a month earlier. ChargePoint’s two units at the Tahoe City Public Utility lot were broken, connecting but refusing to charge anything. We briefly considered taking a 35-mile drive to Incline Village, calculated what being stranded would actually entail, and ultimately chose not to. Then I found an Electrify America station 12 miles away. We drove through the accumulating snow, arrived just before 11 p.m., and it worked. We sat there for an hour fighting off fatigue before heading home.

The next morning brought another issue via a notification from the app: tire pressure had dropped to 53 and 56 PSI in the front (recommended: 61) and 62 PSI in the rear (recommended: 68). I’m unsure if the vehicle was delivered in that state or if it was a result of the cold weather — either way, it meant someone had to stand at a gas station filling tires while being pelted with ice. (That someone was my husband.) For a family getaway, it was going swimmingly.

At this stage, I would have told you that the Escalade IQL is undoubtedly luxurious and perfect for families of four or more who prioritize space and technology. I would have noted that it came with genuine trade-offs: forward visibility hampered by its imposing hood, parking difficulties attributed to its size, limited charging options for such a power-hungry vehicle, and tires expected to support 9,000 pounds. It’s a stunning automobile, I would have contended, but it’s not suited for me.

However, the snow continued to fall. Within 48 hours, eight feet had piled up, rendering skiing — the main purpose of our trip — impossible, and making it daunting to navigate around town. Yet I discovered that I wasn’t intimidated because we had the Escalade, which, due to its weight, felt like driving a tank through the snow. (The tires remained steady after we inflated them, even as the week brought challenges.) What could have been a distressing experience felt tranquil. It was serene, it was powerful, it stepped up in a tough scenario.

I also grew accustomed to its size. By the week’s end, I had stopped mouthing “I’m sorry” to whoever was waiting for me to figure out where to park it. I had ceased to care what it implied about me driving a car whose entire design ethos communicates: the owner of this vehicle is not queuing. Eight feet of snow had accumulated, we required groceries, and I was the one behind the wheel of the tank! I could sense my husband developing feelings for the vehicle as well.

Then, as is typical in Tahoe, the snow abruptly stopped and the sun emerged, leaving the Escalade as just a very dirty vehicle parked in the driveway (apologies, GM!). It was in this moment of realization that I acknowledged: I still like it, and it isn’t solely due to the emergency situation. I enjoy the elevated view, with the sound system enveloping the cab with my favorite tunes. That light display still captivates me. The vehicle’s extensive, curved LED screen is spectacular, among various other features.

The frunk remains troublesome. I won’t soon forget the anxiety of not being able to charge the vehicle where I expected to. Parking this thing truly demands patience. I hold strong views about unnecessary consumption. None of that has altered.

I just, in some way, desire this vehicle, so when GM’s representative comes to retrieve it, I might conceal it under a tarp — a very large tarp — and inform him he has arrived at the wrong address.

Individuals within the European Union can now utilize alternative app stores due to the Digital Markets Act (DMA), a measure intended to promote greater competition in the app environment. Similar to Apple’s App Store, these alternative app marketplaces offer straightforward access to an expanded selection of applications on Apple devices, but unlike the apps processed through Apple’s App Review system, those in these third-party stores must undergo a notarization procedure to confirm they align with certain “baseline platform integrity standards,” as stated by Apple — such as being free from malware. Nevertheless, each store can evaluate and authorize apps based on its own regulations. Additionally, these stores are accountable for any issues concerning support and refunds, rather than Apple. 

To launch an alternative app marketplace, developers are required to adhere to Apple’s alternative business conditions for DMA-compliant apps within the EU. This entails paying a new Core Technology Fee of €0.50 for every initial annual installation of their marketplace app, even prior to reaching the threshold of 1 million installations, which is the requirement for other EU apps distributed under Apple’s DMA business regulations. 

In spite of the intricate new guidelines, a small group of developers has seized the opportunity to distribute their applications beyond Apple’s ecosystem. 

Outside of the EU, various regions are testing alternative app stores, including Japan. In December 2025, Apple announced its compliance with the Mobile Software Competition Act (MSCA), which provides developers with additional options to distribute apps and handle payments outside of Apple’s App Store.

This option also demands that developers agree to new business terms, such as a reduced commission rate for the App Store ranging from 10% to 21%, a payment processing fee of 5% for Apple in-app purchases, a 5% core technology fee, and a 15% store services commission on web sales made through links in the app.

Presented below is a compilation of the alternative app stores that iPhone users in these regions can explore today. 

AltStore PAL (EU)

Co-developed by Riley Testut, the creator of the Nintendo game emulator app Delta, AltStore PAL is an officially sanctioned alternative app marketplace in the EU. This open-source app store will enable independent developers to distribute their applications alongside offerings from the makers of AltStore, Delta, and a clipboard manager named Clip. 

Distinct from Apple’s App Store, AltStore apps are hosted by the developer. To function, developers obtain an alternative distribution packet (ADP) and upload it to their hosting server, then create a “source” that users will add to AltStore to gain access to their applications. This means that the only apps visible in the AltStore are those that users have specifically added themselves. 

Some popular applications users are adding consist of the virtual machine app UTM, which allows users to run Windows and other software on iOS or iPad; OldOS, a SwiftUI-built re-creation of iOS 4; Kotoba, the iOS dictionary available separately; the torrenting app iTorrent; the iOS remote client for qBittorrent known as qBitControl; and the social discovery platform PeopleDrop.

Setapp Mobile (EU – closed Feb. 2026)

MacPaw’s Setapp became one of the pioneering companies to consent to Apple’s new DMA business arrangements to launch an alternative app store for users in the EU. Regrettably, this app store was short-lived — the company revealed it would discontinue the Setapp Mobile service on February 16, 2026. (Setapp Desktop applications remained unaffected.) The company pointed to Apple’s “still-evolving” and intricate business terms as the motivation for its choice.

For a long time, the company had provided a subscription-based model featuring a range of curated applications for customers on iOS and Mac. Following the DMA’s implementation, it launched the alternative app store for Setapp Mobile for iOS users exclusively within the EU. Similar to its previous subscription services, the now-defunct app store included numerous apps under a single recurring subscription cost, and the collection of apps expanded over time. The apps were free from in-app purchases or advertisements and were generally recognized for their quality. However, it did not encompass prominent applications like Facebook, Uber, Netflix, and others. 

Epic Games Store (EU)

[embedded content]

Epic Games, the creator of Fortnite, inaugurated its alternative iOS app store in the EU in August 2024, permitting users to download games, including its own Fortnite and others like Rocket League Sideswipe and Fall Guys, with additional titles on the horizon. The company announced it is also bringing its games to other alternative app stores, such as AltStore PAL, which it is now backing through a grant, alongside Aptoide’s iOS store in the EU and ONE Store on Android. 

The decision to reintroduce Fortnite through alternative iOS marketplaces follows more than four years after Apple removed the game from its App Store due to alleged policy breaches, prior to Epic’s legal dispute regarding the claimed App Store monopoly. While U.S. courts concluded that Apple was not engaged in antitrust activities, the lawsuit did establish a pathway for developers to link to their own websites to secure a lower commission. 

Aptoide (EU)

Aptoide is an alternative gaming store for iPhones based in Lisbon that serves as an open-source solution for app distribution. The company, already recognized for its alternative to Google Play, asserts that it verifies the apps to guarantee they are secure for download and installation.

The iOS version of the Aptoide store debuted as an invite-only beta in June 2024, before launching publicly across the EU. As a free-to-use platform, Aptoide doesn’t levy charges on users to cover its Core Technology Fee paid to Apple but retains a 10% to 20% commission on iOS in-app purchases, depending on whether these purchases were generated through the marketplace or not. 

Across all platforms, including Android, web, vehicles, and TVs, Aptoide boasts 1 million applications available to its more than 430 million users. 

Mobivention marketplace (EU)

A B2B-oriented application store, the Mobivention marketplace enables EU businesses to distribute their internal applications used by employees, which cannot — or should not — be published in Apple’s App Store. The company also provides development services for a tailored app marketplace for businesses seeking to present their unique app store specifically for their corporate applications. Larger enterprises can even license Mobivention’s technology to further adapt the app marketplace to their specific requirements.

Skich (EU)

In March, Skich announced the debut of an alternative app store for EU users, which sets itself apart by presenting a Tinder-like interface for discovering applications. Users can swipe right to “match” with apps that may interest them. Additionally, they can create playlists and see which apps their friends are engaging with. This new store will take the place of Skich’s existing app and will feature a 15% commission on all transactions. Rather than populating its app store immediately with many apps, the store focused its marketing efforts on developers during the Game Developers Conference (GDC).

Onside (EU and Japan)

Onside serves as an alternative iOS app marketplace accessible in both the EU and Japan, as of February 17, 2026, due to new regulations. The company asserts it will charge developers lower fees while still maintaining security, including the protection of payment information. Currently, the store supports bank card payments and Apple Pay, with plans to add other payment options like iDeal, Klarna, and more in the future.

For users, Onside promises a diverse selection of top applications and exclusives unavailable on other marketplaces, all presented through a familiar interface that features traditional app store characteristics, including editorial collections, ratings and reviews, and automatic updates.